A steel structure is a type of construction framework composed of steel materials and represents one of the primary structural systems used in building. Such structures are primarily built from components-including steel beams, columns, and trusses-fabricated from structural steel shapes and plates. These components undergo anti-rust and corrosion-prevention treatments, such as silanization, manganese phosphating, washing and drying, or galvanizing. Individual components or sub-assemblies are typically joined using welds, bolts, or rivets.
Due to their relatively low self-weight and ease of construction, steel structures are widely employed in large-scale industrial facilities, stadiums and arenas, super-high-rise buildings, and bridges. Because steel is susceptible to corrosion, such structures generally require rust removal, galvanizing, or the application of protective coatings, as well as regular maintenance. The steel used must possess favorable mechanical properties and workability; materials such as Q235 carbon steel and 16Mn low-alloy steel meet these requirements.
The durability of steel can be compromised by factors such as corrosion and exposure to high temperatures. Protective measures include techniques such as galvanizing and anodic protection.