Steel is characterized by high strength, low self-weight, excellent overall rigidity, and strong resistance to deformation, making it exceptionally well-suited for the construction of long-span, super-high-rise, and heavy-duty structures. As a homogeneous and isotropic material, steel functions as an ideal elastic body, aligning perfectly with the fundamental assumptions of general engineering mechanics. Furthermore, its high ductility and toughness allow for significant deformation, enabling it to effectively withstand dynamic loads. Steel construction also offers shorter project timelines and benefits from a high degree of industrialization, facilitating specialized, highly mechanized production.
In the field of steel structures, research should focus on high-strength steel to significantly increase yield point strength. Additionally, the development of new steel profiles-such as H-sections (wide-flange beams), T-sections, and profiled steel sheets-is essential to meet the requirements of long-span structures and super-high-rise buildings.
Moreover, there exist "thermal-bridge-free" light steel structural systems. Since standard building structures are not inherently energy-efficient, this technology employs ingenious, specialized connectors to eliminate thermal bridges. Additionally, the use of small-scale truss structures allows for the routing of electrical cables and plumbing (water supply and drainage) through the walls, which greatly simplifies both construction and interior finishing.